SSL/TLS
There are multiple options to enable SSL (via SSL_TYPE
):
- Using letsencrypt (recommended)
- Using Caddy
- Using Traefik
- Using self-signed certificates
- Using your own certificates
After installation, you can test your setup with:
Exposure of DNS labels through Certificate Transparency
All public Certificate Authorities (CAs) are required to log certificates they issue publicly via Certificate Transparency. This helps to better establish trust.
When using a public CA for certificates used in private networks, be aware that the associated DNS labels in the certificate are logged publicly and easily searchable. These logs are append only, you cannot redact this information.
You could use a wildcard certificate. This avoids accidentally leaking information to the internet, but keep in mind the potential security risks of wildcard certs.
The FQDN
An FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) such as mail.example.com
is required for DMS to function correctly, especially for looking up the correct SSL certificate to use.
mail.example.com
will still useuser@example.com
as the mail address. You do not need a bare domain for that.- We usually discourage assigning a bare domain (When your DNS MX record does not point to a subdomain) to represent DMS. However, an FQDN of just
example.com
is also supported. - Internally,
hostname -f
will be used to retrieve the FQDN as configured in the below examples. - Wildcard certificates (eg:
*.example.com
) are supported forSSL_TYPE=letsencrypt
. Your configured FQDN below may bemail.example.com
, and your wildcard certificate provisioned to/etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com
which will be checked as a fallback FQDN by DMS.
Setting the hostname correctly
Change mail.example.com
below to your own FQDN.
# CLI:
docker run --hostname mail.example.com
or
# compose.yaml
services:
mailserver:
hostname: mail.example.com
Provisioning methods
Let's Encrypt (Recommended)
To enable Let's Encrypt for DMS, you have to:
- Get your certificate using the Let's Encrypt client Certbot.
-
For your DMS container:
- Add the environment variable
SSL_TYPE=letsencrypt
. - Mount your local
letsencrypt
folder as a volume to/etc/letsencrypt
.
- Add the environment variable
You don't have to do anything else. Enjoy!
Note
/etc/letsencrypt/live
stores provisioned certificates in individual folders named by their FQDN.
Make sure that the entire folder is mounted to DMS as there are typically symlinks from /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.com
to /etc/letsencrypt/archive
.
Example
Add these additions to the mailserver
service in your compose.yaml
:
services:
mailserver:
hostname: mail.example.com
environment:
- SSL_TYPE=letsencrypt
volumes:
- /etc/letsencrypt:/etc/letsencrypt
Example using Docker for Let's Encrypt
Certbot provisions certificates to /etc/letsencrypt
. Add a volume to store these, so that they can later be accessed by DMS container. You may also want to persist Certbot logs, just in case you need to troubleshoot.
-
Getting a certificate is this simple! (Referencing: Certbot docker instructions and
certonly --standalone
mode):# Requires access to port 80 from the internet, adjust your firewall if needed. docker run --rm -it \ -v "${PWD}/docker-data/certbot/certs/:/etc/letsencrypt/" \ -v "${PWD}/docker-data/certbot/logs/:/var/log/letsencrypt/" \ -p 80:80 \ certbot/certbot certonly --standalone -d mail.example.com
-
Add a volume for DMS that maps the local
certbot/certs/
folder to the container path/etc/letsencrypt/
.Example
Add these additions to the
mailserver
service in yourcompose.yaml
:services: mailserver: hostname: mail.example.com environment: - SSL_TYPE=letsencrypt volumes: - ./docker-data/certbot/certs/:/etc/letsencrypt
-
The certificate setup is complete, but remember it will expire. Consider automating renewals.
Renewing Certificates
When running the above certonly --standalone
snippet again, the existing certificate is renewed if it would expire within 30 days.
Alternatively, Certbot can look at all the certificates it manages, and only renew those nearing their expiry via the renew
command:
# This will need access to port 443 from the internet, adjust your firewall if needed.
docker run --rm -it \
-v "${PWD}/docker-data/certbot/certs/:/etc/letsencrypt/" \
-v "${PWD}/docker-data/certbot/logs/:/var/log/letsencrypt/" \
-p 80:80 \
-p 443:443 \
certbot/certbot renew
This process can also be automated via cron or systemd timers.
Using a different ACME CA
Certbot does support alternative certificate providers via the --server
option. In most cases you'll want to use the default Let's Encrypt.
Example using certbot-dns-cloudflare
with Docker
If you are unable get a certificate via the HTTP-01
(port 80) or TLS-ALPN-01
(port 443) challenge types, the DNS-01
challenge can be useful (this challenge can additionally issue wildcard certificates). This guide shows how to use the DNS-01
challenge with Cloudflare as your DNS provider.
Obtain a Cloudflare API token:
- Login into your Cloudflare dashboard.
- Navigate to the API Tokens page.
-
Click "Create Token", and choose the
Edit zone DNS
template (Certbot requires theZONE:DNS:Edit
permission).Only include the necessary Zone resource configuration
Be sure to configure "Zone Resources" section on this page to
Include -> Specific zone -> <your zone here>
.This restricts the API token to only this zone (domain) which is an important security measure.
-
Store the API token you received in a file
cloudflare.ini
with content:dns_cloudflare_api_token = YOUR_CLOUDFLARE_TOKEN_HERE
- As this is sensitive data, you should restrict access to it with
chmod 600
andchown 0:0
. - Store the file in a folder if you like, such as
docker-data/certbot/secrets/
.
- As this is sensitive data, you should restrict access to it with
-
Your
compose.yaml
should include the following:services: mailserver: environments: # Set SSL certificate type. - SSL_TYPE=letsencrypt volumes: # Mount the cert folder generated by Certbot: - ./docker-data/certbot/certs/:/etc/letsencrypt/:ro certbot-cloudflare: image: certbot/dns-cloudflare:latest command: certonly --dns-cloudflare --dns-cloudflare-credentials /run/secrets/cloudflare-api-token -d mail.example.com volumes: - ./docker-data/certbot/certs/:/etc/letsencrypt/ - ./docker-data/certbot/logs/:/var/log/letsencrypt/ secrets: - cloudflare-api-token # Docs: https://docs.docker.com/engine/swarm/secrets/#use-secrets-in-compose # WARNING: In compose configs without swarm, the long syntax options have no effect, # Ensure that you properly `chmod 600` and `chown 0:0` the file on disk. Effectively treated as a bind mount. secrets: cloudflare-api-token: file: ./docker-data/certbot/secrets/cloudflare.ini
Alternative using the
docker run
command (secrets
feature is not available):docker run \ --volume "${PWD}/docker-data/certbot/certs/:/etc/letsencrypt/" \ --volume "${PWD}/docker-data/certbot/logs/:/var/log/letsencrypt/" \ --volume "${PWD}/docker-data/certbot/secrets/:/tmp/secrets/certbot/" certbot/dns-cloudflare \ certonly --dns-cloudflare --dns-cloudflare-credentials /tmp/secrets/certbot/cloudflare.ini -d mail.example.com
-
Run the service to provision a certificate:
docker compose run certbot-cloudflare
-
You should see the following log output:
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt. log | Requesting a certificate for mail.example.com Waiting 10 seconds for DNS changes to propagate Successfully received certificate. Certificate is saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.com/fullchain.pem Key is saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.com/privkey.pem This certificate expires on YYYY-MM-DD. These files will be updated when the certificate renews. NEXT STEPS: - The certificate will need to be renewed before it expires. Certbot can automatically renew the certificate in background, but you may need to take steps to enable that functionality. See https://certbot.org/renewal instructions.
After completing the steps above, your certificate should be ready to use.
Renewing a certificate (Optional)
We've only demonstrated how to provision a certificate, but it will expire in 90 days and need to be renewed before then.
In the following example, add a new service (certbot-cloudflare-renew
) into compose.yaml
that will handle certificate renewals:
services:
certbot-cloudflare-renew:
image: certbot/dns-cloudflare:latest
command: renew --dns-cloudflare --dns-cloudflare-credentials /run/secrets/cloudflare-api-token
volumes:
- ./docker-data/certbot/certs/:/etc/letsencrtypt/
- ./docker-data/certbot/logs/:/var/log/letsencrypt/
secrets:
- cloudflare-api-token
You can manually run this service to renew the cert within 90 days:
docker compose run certbot-cloudflare-renew
You should see the following output
(The following log was generated with --dry-run
options)
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Processing /etc/letsencrypt/renewal/mail.example.com.conf
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Account registered.
Simulating renewal of an existing certificate for mail.example.com
Waiting 10 seconds for DNS changes to propagate
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Congratulations, all simulated renewals succeeded:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.com/fullchain.pem (success)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
It is recommended to automate this renewal via a task scheduler like a systemd timer or in crontab
(crontab
example: Checks every day if the certificate should be renewed)
0 0 * * * docker compose -f PATH_TO_YOUR_DOCKER_COMPOSE_YML up certbot-cloudflare-renew
Example using nginx-proxy
and acme-companion
with Docker
If you are running a web server already, port 80 will be in use which Certbot requires. You could use the Certbot --webroot
feature, but it is more common to leverage a reverse proxy that manages the provisioning and renewal of certificates for your services automatically.
In the following example, we show how DMS can be run alongside the docker containers nginx-proxy
and acme-companion
(Referencing: acme-companion
documentation):
-
Start the reverse proxy (
nginx-proxy
):docker run --detach \ --name nginx-proxy \ --restart always \ --publish 80:80 \ --publish 443:443 \ --volume "${PWD}/docker-data/nginx-proxy/html/:/usr/share/nginx/html/" \ --volume "${PWD}/docker-data/nginx-proxy/vhost.d/:/etc/nginx/vhost.d/" \ --volume "${PWD}/docker-data/acme-companion/certs/:/etc/nginx/certs/:ro" \ --volume '/var/run/docker.sock:/tmp/docker.sock:ro' \ nginxproxy/nginx-proxy
-
Then start the certificate provisioner (
acme-companion
), which will provide certificates tonginx-proxy
:# Inherit `nginx-proxy` volumes via `--volumes-from`, but make `certs/` writeable: docker run --detach \ --name nginx-proxy-acme \ --restart always \ --volumes-from nginx-proxy \ --volume "${PWD}/docker-data/acme-companion/certs/:/etc/nginx/certs/:rw" \ --volume "${PWD}/docker-data/acme-companion/acme-state/:/etc/acme.sh/" \ --volume '/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro' \ --env 'DEFAULT_EMAIL=admin@example.com' \ nginxproxy/acme-companion
-
Start the rest of your web server containers as usual.
-
Start a dummy container to provision certificates for your FQDN (eg:
mail.example.com
).acme-companion
will detect the container and generate a Let's Encrypt certificate for your domain, which can be used by DMS:docker run --detach \ --name webmail \ --env 'VIRTUAL_HOST=mail.example.com' \ --env 'LETSENCRYPT_HOST=mail.example.com' \ --env 'LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL=admin@example.com' \ nginx
You may want to add
--env LETSENCRYPT_TEST=true
to the above while testing, to avoid the Let's Encrypt certificate generation rate limits. -
Make sure your mount path to the
letsencrypt
certificates directory is correct. Edit yourcompose.yaml
for themailserver
service to have volumes added like below:volumes: - ./docker-data/dms/mail-data/:/var/mail/ - ./docker-data/dms/mail-state/:/var/mail-state/ - ./docker-data/dms/config/:/tmp/docker-mailserver/ - ./docker-data/acme-companion/certs/:/etc/letsencrypt/live/:ro
-
Then from the
compose.yaml
project directory, run:docker compose up -d mailserver
.
Example using nginx-proxy
and acme-companion
with docker-compose
The following example is the basic setup you need for using nginx-proxy
and acme-companion
with DMS (Referencing: acme-companion
documentation):
Example: compose.yaml
You should have an existing compose.yaml
with a mailserver
service. Below are the modifications to add for integrating with nginx-proxy
and acme-companion
services:
services:
# Add the following `environment` and `volumes` to your existing `mailserver` service:
mailserver:
environment:
# SSL_TYPE: Uses the `letsencrypt` method to find mounted certificates.
# VIRTUAL_HOST: The FQDN that `nginx-proxy` will configure itself to handle for HTTP[S] connections.
# LETSENCRYPT_HOST: The FQDN for a certificate that `acme-companion` will provision and renew.
- SSL_TYPE=letsencrypt
- VIRTUAL_HOST=mail.example.com
- LETSENCRYPT_HOST=mail.example.com
volumes:
- ./docker-data/acme-companion/certs/:/etc/letsencrypt/live/:ro
# If you don't yet have your own `nginx-proxy` and `acme-companion` setup,
# here is an example you can use:
reverse-proxy:
image: nginxproxy/nginx-proxy
container_name: nginx-proxy
restart: always
ports:
# Port 80: Required for HTTP-01 challenges to `acme-companion`.
# Port 443: Only required for containers that need access over HTTPS. TLS-ALPN-01 challenge not supported.
- "80:80"
- "443:443"
volumes:
# `certs/`: Managed by the `acme-companion` container (_read-only_).
# `docker.sock`: Required to interact with containers via the Docker API.
- ./docker-data/nginx-proxy/html/:/usr/share/nginx/html/
- ./docker-data/nginx-proxy/vhost.d/:/etc/nginx/vhost.d/
- ./docker-data/acme-companion/certs/:/etc/nginx/certs/:ro
- /var/run/docker.sock:/tmp/docker.sock:ro
acme-companion:
image: nginxproxy/acme-companion
container_name: nginx-proxy-acme
restart: always
environment:
# When `volumes_from: [nginx-proxy]` is not supported,
# reference the _reverse-proxy_ `container_name` here:
- NGINX_PROXY_CONTAINER=nginx-proxy
volumes:
# `html/`: Write ACME HTTP-01 challenge files that `nginx-proxy` will serve.
# `vhost.d/`: To enable web access via `nginx-proxy` to HTTP-01 challenge files.
# `certs/`: To store certificates and private keys.
# `acme-state/`: To persist config and state for the ACME provisioner (`acme.sh`).
# `docker.sock`: Required to interact with containers via the Docker API.
- ./docker-data/nginx-proxy/html/:/usr/share/nginx/html/
- ./docker-data/nginx-proxy/vhost.d/:/etc/nginx/vhost.d/
- ./docker-data/acme-companion/certs/:/etc/nginx/certs/:rw
- ./docker-data/acme-companion/acme-state/:/etc/acme.sh/
- /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
Optional ENV vars worth knowing about
Per container ENV that acme-companion
will detect to override default provisioning settings:
LETSENCRYPT_TEST=true
: Recommended during initial setup. Otherwise the default production endpoint has a rate limit of 5 duplicate certificates per week. OverridesACME_CA_URI
to use the Let's Encrypt staging endpoint.LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL
: For when you don't useDEFAULT_EMAIL
onacme-companion
, or want to assign a different email contact for this container.LETSENCRYPT_KEYSIZE
: Allows you to configure the type (RSA or ECDSA) and size of the private key for your certificate. Default is RSA 4096, but RSA 2048 is recommended.LETSENCRYPT_RESTART_CONTAINER=true
: When the certificate is renewed, the entire container will be restarted to ensure the new certificate is used.
acme-companion
ENV for default settings that apply to all containers using LETSENCRYPT_HOST
:
DEFAULT_EMAIL
: An email address that the CA (eg: Let's Encrypt) can contact you about expiring certificates, failed renewals, or for account recovery. You may want to use an email address not handled by your mail server to ensure deliverability in the event your mail server breaks.CERTS_UPDATE_INTERVAL
: If you need to adjust the frequency to check for renewals. 3600 seconds (1 hour) by default.DEBUG=1
: Should be helpful when troubleshooting provisioning issues fromacme-companion
logs.ACME_CA_URI
: Useful in combination withCA_BUNDLE
to use a private CA. To change the default Let's Encrypt endpoint to the staging endpoint, usehttps://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
.CA_BUNDLE
: If you want to use a private CA instead of Let's Encrypt.
Alternative to required ENV on mailserver
service
While you will still need both nginx-proxy
and acme-companion
containers, you can manage certificates without adding ENV vars to containers. Instead the ENV is moved into a file and uses the acme-companion
feature Standalone certificates.
This requires adding another shared volume between nginx-proxy
and acme-companion
:
services:
reverse-proxy:
volumes:
- ./docker-data/nginx-proxy/conf.d/:/etc/nginx/conf.d/
acme-companion:
volumes:
- ./docker-data/nginx-proxy/conf.d/:/etc/nginx/conf.d/
- ./docker-data/acme-companion/standalone.sh:/app/letsencrypt_user_data:ro
acme-companion
mounts a shell script (standalone.sh
), which defines variables to customize certificate provisioning:
# A list IDs for certificates to provision:
LETSENCRYPT_STANDALONE_CERTS=('mail')
# Each ID inserts itself into the standard `acme-companion` supported container ENV vars below.
# The LETSENCRYPT_<ID>_HOST var is a list of FQDNs to provision a certificate for as the SAN field:
LETSENCRYPT_mail_HOST=('mail.example.com')
# Optional variables:
LETSENCRYPT_mail_TEST=true
LETSENCRYPT_mail_EMAIL='admin@example.com'
# Supported values are `2048`, `3072` and `4096` for RSA keys, and `ec-256` or `ec-384` for elliptic curve keys.
LETSENCRYPT_mail_KEYSIZE=2048
Unlike with the equivalent ENV for containers, changes to this file will not be detected automatically. You would need to wait until the next renewal check by acme-companion
(every hour by default), restart acme-companion
, or manually invoke the service loop:
docker exec nginx-proxy-acme /app/signal_le_service
Example using Let's Encrypt Certificates with a Synology NAS
Version 6.2 and later of the Synology NAS DSM OS now come with an interface to generate and renew letencrypt certificates. Navigation into your DSM control panel and go to Security, then click on the tab Certificate to generate and manage letsencrypt certificates.
Amongst other things, you can use these to secure your mail server. DSM locates the generated certificates in a folder below /usr/syno/etc/certificate/_archive/
.
Navigate to that folder and note the 6 character random folder name of the certificate you'd like to use. Then, add the following to your compose.yaml
declaration file:
volumes:
- /usr/syno/etc/certificate/_archive/<your-folder>/:/tmp/dms/custom-certs/
environment:
- SSL_TYPE=manual
- SSL_CERT_PATH=/tmp/dms/custom-certs/fullchain.pem
- SSL_KEY_PATH=/tmp/dms/custom-certs/privkey.pem
DSM-generated letsencrypt certificates get auto-renewed every three months.
Caddy
For Caddy v2 you can specify the key_type
in your server's global settings, which would end up looking something like this if you're using a Caddyfile
:
{
debug
admin localhost:2019
http_port 80
https_port 443
default_sni example.com
key_type rsa2048
}
If you are instead using a json config for Caddy v2, you can set it in your site's TLS automation policies:
Caddy v2 JSON example snippet
{
"apps": {
"http": {
"servers": {
"srv0": {
"listen": [
":443"
],
"routes": [
{
"match": [
{
"host": [
"mail.example.com",
]
}
],
"handle": [
{
"handler": "subroute",
"routes": [
{
"handle": [
{
"body": "",
"handler": "static_response"
}
]
}
]
}
],
"terminal": true
},
]
}
}
},
"tls": {
"automation": {
"policies": [
{
"subjects": [
"mail.example.com",
],
"key_type": "rsa2048",
"issuer": {
"email": "admin@example.com",
"module": "acme"
}
},
{
"issuer": {
"email": "admin@example.com",
"module": "acme"
}
}
]
}
}
}
}
The generated certificates can then be mounted:
volumes:
- ${CADDY_DATA_DIR}/certificates/acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org-directory/mail.example.com/mail.example.com.crt:/etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.com/fullchain.pem
- ${CADDY_DATA_DIR}/certificates/acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org-directory/mail.example.com/mail.example.com.key:/etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.com/privkey.pem
Traefik v2
Traefik is an open-source application proxy using the ACME protocol. Traefik can request certificates for domains and subdomains, and it will take care of renewals, challenge negotiations, etc. We strongly recommend to use Traefik's major version 2.
Traefik's storage format is natively supported if the acme.json
store is mounted into the container at /etc/letsencrypt/acme.json
. The file is also monitored for changes and will trigger a reload of the mail services (Postfix and Dovecot).
Wildcard certificates are supported. If your FQDN is mail.example.com
and your wildcard certificate is *.example.com
, add the ENV: SSL_DOMAIN=example.com
.
DMS will select it's certificate from acme.json
checking these ENV for a matching FQDN (in order of priority):
${SSL_DOMAIN}
${HOSTNAME}
${DOMAINNAME}
This setup only comes with one caveat: The domain has to be configured on another service for Traefik to actually request it from Let's Encrypt, i.e. Traefik will not issue a certificate without a service / router demanding it.
Example Code
Here is an example setup for docker-compose
:
services:
mailserver:
image: ghcr.io/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver:latest
container_name: mailserver
hostname: mail.example.com
volumes:
- ./docker-data/traefik/acme.json:/etc/letsencrypt/acme.json:ro
environment:
SSL_TYPE: letsencrypt
SSL_DOMAIN: mail.example.com
# for a wildcard certificate, use
# SSL_DOMAIN: example.com
reverse-proxy:
image: docker.io/traefik:latest #v2.5
container_name: docker-traefik
ports:
- "80:80"
- "443:443"
command:
- --providers.docker
- --entrypoints.http.address=:80
- --entrypoints.http.http.redirections.entryPoint.to=https
- --entrypoints.http.http.redirections.entryPoint.scheme=https
- --entrypoints.https.address=:443
- --entrypoints.https.http.tls.certResolver=letsencrypt
- --certificatesresolvers.letsencrypt.acme.email=admin@example.com
- --certificatesresolvers.letsencrypt.acme.storage=/acme.json
- --certificatesresolvers.letsencrypt.acme.httpchallenge.entrypoint=http
volumes:
- ./docker-data/traefik/acme.json:/acme.json
- /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
whoami:
image: docker.io/traefik/whoami:latest
labels:
- "traefik.http.routers.whoami.rule=Host(`mail.example.com`)"
Self-Signed Certificates
Warning
Use self-signed certificates only for testing purposes!
This feature requires you to provide the following files into your docker-data/dms/config/ssl/
directory (internal location: /tmp/docker-mailserver/ssl/
):
<FQDN>-key.pem
<FQDN>-cert.pem
demoCA/cacert.pem
Where <FQDN>
is the FQDN you've configured for your DMS container.
Add SSL_TYPE=self-signed
to your DMS environment variables. Postfix and Dovecot will be configured to use the provided certificate (.pem
files above) during container startup.
Generating a self-signed certificate
One way to generate self-signed certificates is with Smallstep's step
CLI. This is exactly what DMS does for creating test certificates.
For example with the FQDN mail.example.test
, you can generate the required files by running:
#! /bin/sh
mkdir -p demoCA
step certificate create "Smallstep Root CA" "demoCA/cacert.pem" "demoCA/cakey.pem" \
--no-password --insecure \
--profile root-ca \
--not-before "2021-01-01T00:00:00+00:00" \
--not-after "2031-01-01T00:00:00+00:00" \
--san "example.test" \
--san "mail.example.test" \
--kty RSA --size 2048
step certificate create "Smallstep Leaf" mail.example.test-cert.pem mail.example.test-key.pem \
--no-password --insecure \
--profile leaf \
--ca "demoCA/cacert.pem" \
--ca-key "demoCA/cakey.pem" \
--not-before "2021-01-01T00:00:00+00:00" \
--not-after "2031-01-01T00:00:00+00:00" \
--san "example.test" \
--san "mail.example.test" \
--kty RSA --size 2048
If you'd rather not install the CLI tool locally to run the step
commands above; you can save the script above to a file such as generate-certs.sh
(and make it executable chmod +x generate-certs.sh
) in a directory that you want the certs to be placed (eg: docker-data/dms/custom-certs/
), then use docker to run that script in a container:
# '--user' is to keep ownership of the files written to
# the local volume to use your systems User and Group ID values.
docker run --rm -it \
--user "$(id -u):$(id -g)" \
--volume "${PWD}/docker-data/dms/custom-certs/:/tmp/step-ca/" \
--workdir "/tmp/step-ca/" \
--entrypoint "/tmp/step-ca/generate-certs.sh" \
smallstep/step-ca
Bring Your Own Certificates
You can also provide your own certificate files. Add these entries to your compose.yaml
:
volumes:
- ./docker-data/dms/custom-certs/:/tmp/dms/custom-certs/:ro
environment:
- SSL_TYPE=manual
# Values should match the file paths inside the container:
- SSL_CERT_PATH=/tmp/dms/custom-certs/public.crt
- SSL_KEY_PATH=/tmp/dms/custom-certs/private.key
This will mount the path where your certificate files reside locally into the read-only container folder: /tmp/dms/custom-certs
.
The local and internal paths may be whatever you prefer, so long as both SSL_CERT_PATH
and SSL_KEY_PATH
point to the correct internal file paths. The certificate files may also be named to your preference, but should be PEM encoded.
SSL_ALT_CERT_PATH
and SSL_ALT_KEY_PATH
are additional ENV vars to support a 2nd certificate as a fallback. Commonly known as hybrid or dual certificate support. This is useful for using a modern ECDSA as your primary certificate, and RSA as your fallback for older connections. They work in the same manner as the non-ALT
versions.
Info
You may have to restart DMS once the certificates change.
Testing a Certificate is Valid
-
From your host:
docker exec mailserver openssl s_client \ -connect 0.0.0.0:25 \ -starttls smtp \ -CApath /etc/ssl/certs/
-
Or:
docker exec mailserver openssl s_client \ -connect 0.0.0.0:143 \ -starttls imap \ -CApath /etc/ssl/certs/
And you should see the certificate chain, the server certificate and: Verify return code: 0 (ok)
In addition, to verify certificate dates:
docker exec mailserver openssl s_client \
-connect 0.0.0.0:25 \
-starttls smtp \
-CApath /etc/ssl/certs/ \
2>/dev/null | openssl x509 -noout -dates
Plain-Text Access
Warning
Not recommended for purposes other than testing.
Add this to docker-data/dms/config/dovecot.cf
:
ssl = yes
disable_plaintext_auth=no
These options in conjunction mean:
- SSL/TLS is offered to the client, but the client isn't required to use it.
- The client is allowed to login with plaintext authentication even when SSL/TLS isn't enabled on the connection.
- This is insecure, because the plaintext password is exposed to the internet.
Importing Certificates Obtained via Another Source
If you have another source for SSL/TLS certificates you can import them into the server via an external script. The external script can be found here: external certificate import script.
This is a community contributed script, and in most cases you will have better support via our Change Detection service (automatic for SSL_TYPE
of manual
and letsencrypt
) - Unless you're using LDAP which disables the service.
Script Compatibility
- Relies on private filepaths
/etc/dms/tls/cert
and/etc/dms/tls/key
intended for internal use only. - Only supports hard-coded
fullchain.key
+privkey.pem
as your mounted file names. That may not align with your provisioning method. - No support for
ALT
fallback certificates (for supporting dual/hybrid, RSA + ECDSA).
The steps to follow are these:
- Transfer the new certificates to
./docker-data/dms/custom-certs/
(volume mounted to:/tmp/ssl/
) - You should provide
fullchain.key
andprivkey.pem
- Place the script in
./docker-data/dms/config/
(volume mounted to:/tmp/docker-mailserver/
) - Make the script executable (
chmod +x tomav-renew-certs.sh
) - Run the script:
docker exec mailserver /tmp/docker-mailserver/tomav-renew-certs.sh
If an error occurs the script will inform you. If not you will see both postfix and dovecot restart.
After the certificates have been loaded you can check the certificate:
openssl s_client \
-servername mail.example.com \
-connect 192.168.0.72:465 \
2>/dev/null | openssl x509
# or
openssl s_client \
-servername mail.example.com \
-connect mail.example.com:465 \
2>/dev/null | openssl x509
Or you can check how long the new certificate is valid with commands like:
export SITE_URL="mail.example.com"
export SITE_IP_URL="192.168.0.72" # can also use `mail.example.com`
export SITE_SSL_PORT="993" # imap port dovecot
##works: check if certificate will expire in two weeks
#2 weeks is 1209600 seconds
#3 weeks is 1814400
#12 weeks is 7257600
#15 weeks is 9072000
certcheck_2weeks=`openssl s_client -connect ${SITE_IP_URL}:${SITE_SSL_PORT} \
-servername ${SITE_URL} 2> /dev/null | openssl x509 -noout -checkend 1209600`
####################################
#notes: output could be either:
#Certificate will not expire
#Certificate will expire
####################
What does the script that imports the certificates do:
- Check if there are new certs in the internal container folder:
/tmp/ssl
. - Check with the ssl cert fingerprint if they differ from the current certificates.
- If so it will copy the certs to the right places.
- And restart postfix and dovecot.
You can of course run the script by cron once a week or something. In that way you could automate cert renewal. If you do so it is probably wise to run an automated check on certificate expiry as well. Such a check could look something like this:
# This script is run inside docker-mailserver via 'docker exec ...', using the 'mail' command to send alerts.
## code below will alert if certificate expires in less than two weeks
## please adjust variables!
## make sure the 'mail -s' command works! Test!
export SITE_URL="mail.example.com"
export SITE_IP_URL="192.168.2.72" # can also use `mail.example.com`
export SITE_SSL_PORT="993" # imap port dovecot
# Below can be from a different domain; like your personal email, not handled by this docker-mailserver:
export ALERT_EMAIL_ADDR="external-account@gmail.com"
certcheck_2weeks=`openssl s_client -connect ${SITE_IP_URL}:${SITE_SSL_PORT} \
-servername ${SITE_URL} 2> /dev/null | openssl x509 -noout -checkend 1209600`
####################################
#notes: output can be
#Certificate will not expire
#Certificate will expire
####################
#echo "certcheck 2 weeks gives $certcheck_2weeks"
##automated check you might run by cron or something
## does the certificate expire within two weeks?
if [ "$certcheck_2weeks" = "Certificate will not expire" ]; then
echo "all is well, certwatch 2 weeks says $certcheck_2weeks"
else
echo "Cert seems to be expiring pretty soon, within two weeks: $certcheck_2weeks"
echo "we will send an alert email and log as well"
logger Certwatch: cert $SITE_URL will expire in two weeks
echo "Certwatch: cert $SITE_URL will expire in two weeks" | mail -s "cert $SITE_URL expires in two weeks " $ALERT_EMAIL_ADDR
fi
Custom DH Parameters
By default DMS uses ffdhe4096
from IETF RFC 7919. These are standardized pre-defined DH groups and the only available DH groups for TLS 1.3. It is discouraged to generate your own DH parameters as it is often less secure.
Despite this, if you must use non-standard DH parameters or you would like to swap ffdhe4096
for a different group (eg ffdhe2048
); Add your own PEM encoded DH params file via a volume to /tmp/docker-mailserver/dhparams.pem
. This will replace DH params for both Dovecot and Postfix services during container startup.